Naturalization Process: Steps to Becoming a U.S. Citizen
Becoming a U.S. citizen through naturalization involves multiple steps, from verifying eligibility to taking the Oath of Allegiance. This guide answers key questions and outlines the process clearly—so you can move forward with confidence.
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Who can apply for U.S. citizenship?
Before applying for naturalization, make sure you meet the following requirements:
- Be at least 18 years old
- Have a green card for 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen)
- Have continuously resided in the U.S. during that time
- Be physically present in the U.S. for at least 30 months (or 18 months if married to a U.S. citizen)
- Demonstrate good moral character (no serious criminal history, etc.)
- Be able to read, write, and speak basic English (unless exempt)
- Pass a civics test on U.S. history and government
For more information, visit our Citizenship Eligibility page.
How do I submit Form N-400?
Start the process by submitting Form N-400, the Application for Naturalization.
You can file the form online or by mail. Make sure you include:
- A copy of your green card (front and back)
- Proof of continuous residence and travel history
- Certified translations of any non-English documents
- Filing fee or approved fee waiver
Once USCIS receives your form, they will send you a receipt notice and schedule your biometrics appointment.
What is required at the biometrics and interview?
- Biometrics Appointment: You’ll provide fingerprints, a photo, and a signature for background checks.
- Naturalization Interview: A USCIS officer will:
- Review your Form N-400 and ask questions about your background
- Administer the English test (reading, writing, speaking)
- Administer the civics test (questions about U.S. history and government)
Some applicants may qualify for exemptions from the tests based on age or disability.
What if I fail the test or my application is denied?
- Failed test: You will get one opportunity to retake the portion you failed.
- Application denied: USCIS will explain why in writing. You may be able to:
- File Form N-336 to request a hearing
- Reapply when eligible
Understanding the reason for denial is essential before taking further action.
How can Translations Certified help?
Submitting accurate, complete, and translated documentation is critical for a successful application.
We provide:
- Certified translations for birth certificates, marriage certificates, and other required documents
- USCIS-compliant formatting for all translated materials
- Fast delivery in 24–48 hours
- Notarized translations upon request
Errors or missing translations can delay or derail your application. Let Translations Certified help ensure a smooth naturalization process.
The information provided here is for general informational purposes only and is not intended to be legal advice. While we strive to ensure that the information is accurate and current, it is not a substitute for professional legal counsel. Please consult with a qualified attorney for advice regarding your specific situation or legal questions.