Form N-400: Application for Naturalization
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What Is Form N-400, and Why Is It Filed?
Form N-400 is the official application used by lawful permanent residents (Green Card holders) to become U.S. citizens through the naturalization process. Filing this form marks the final step in the U.S. immigration journey and opens the door to the full rights and responsibilities of American citizenship.
Once approved, naturalized citizens gain the right to vote in federal elections, obtain a U.S. passport, sponsor family members, and enjoy enhanced legal protections and travel benefits.
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Who Is Eligible to File Form N-400?
You may qualify to apply for naturalization if all of the following apply:
- You are at least 18 years old at the time of filing.
- You have been a lawful permanent resident (Green Card holder) for:
- At least 5 years, or at least 3 years if you are married to and living with a U.S. citizen.
- You meet the residence and physical presence requirements:
- At least 5 years of continuous residence in the U.S. (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen)
- At least 30 months of physical presence in the last 5 years (or 18 months out of 3 years if applying based on marriage)
- Have lived for at least 3 months in the USCIS district or state where you’re applying
You can demonstrate:
- Good moral character
- Basic English proficiency (reading, writing, and speaking)
- Knowledge of U.S. government and history (civics test)
- You are willing to take the Oath of Allegiance to the United States
Note: Some applicants may qualify for exemptions from the English or civics test based on age and residency duration, or may request accommodations due to a medical condition.
Documents to Submit with Form N-400
When filing Form N-400, include documentation to verify your eligibility. These may include:
- Copy of your Permanent Resident Card (front and back)
- Two passport-style photos (required only if you reside outside the U.S.)
- Evidence of continuous residence and physical presence, such as:
- Tax returns
- Lease agreements
- Utility bills
- Marriage certificate, if applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen
Do I Need Certified Translations for Form N-400?
Yes. If any of your documents are not in English, you must include a certified English translation with your application. This includes:
- Foreign birth or marriage certificates
- Identity or court records
- Supporting documentation issued outside the U.S.
Translations Certified provides USCIS-compliant certified and notarized translations. We help ensure your application is complete, accurate, and accepted without delay.
Form N-400 Filing Fees
- Filing fee: $640
- Biometrics fee: $85
- Total: $725
Applicants 75 years or older are not required to pay the biometrics fee. Certain applicants, such as military service members, may qualify for a full fee waiver.
Check the USCIS Fee Calculator for the most current amounts.
What to Expect After You File
After submitting your Form N-400, the naturalization process includes several steps:
- Biometrics Appointment
- USCIS will schedule an appointment to collect your fingerprints, photograph, and signature.
- Naturalization Interview
- A USCIS officer will:
- Review your application
- Ask questions about your background
- Administer the English test (reading, writing, speaking) and the civics test (questions about U.S. history and government). Some applicants may be exempt from one or both tests based on age, disability, or years of residency.
- Oath of Allegiance Ceremony
If your application is approved, you will attend a naturalization ceremony to take the Oath of Allegiance. Once completed, you are officially a U.S. citizen.
How Long Does It Take to Process Form N-400?
On average, the full process—from application submission to the oath ceremony—takes 8 to 12 months, depending on your location and USCIS workload. You can track case progress using the USCIS Case Status Tool and check processing times by field office.
Can I Apply with a Criminal Record?
A criminal record does not automatically disqualify you, but it can affect your eligibility under the good moral character requirement. USCIS reviews all offenses, including:
- Arrests
- Convictions
- Expunged or sealed records
Be honest and thorough—failure to disclose may result in denial or removal proceedings. If you have a record, consult an immigration attorney before filing.
What If My Application Is Denied?
If USCIS denies your N-400 application, you will receive a written explanation. Common reasons include:
- Failing the English or civics tests
- Not meeting residency or physical presence requirements
- Providing inconsistent or incomplete information
You may:
- File Form N-336 to request a hearing with a USCIS officer
- Reapply when the issue has been resolved (e.g., retake the test, complete eligibility period)
How Translations Certified Can Help
We support your Form N-400 application with:
- Certified translations accepted by USCIS
- Notarization available when required
- Fast, secure PDF delivery and responsive service
Request your free quote today and ensure every document in your citizenship application meets USCIS requirements.
The information provided here is for general informational purposes only and is not intended to be legal advice. While we strive to ensure that the information is accurate and current, it is not a substitute for professional legal counsel. Please consult with a qualified attorney for advice regarding your specific situation or legal questions.